Population Growth and Natural‐Resource Scarcity: Long‐Run Development under Seemingly Unfavorable Conditions
研究了在自然资源约束和知识积累驱动下，人口增长和低投入替代性不仅无害，反而是实现可持续消费水平的必要条件，并给出了恒定创新率的条件。
Abstract In this paper, I consider an economy that is constrained by the use of natural resources and driven by knowledge accumulation. Resources are essential inputs in all sectors. I show that population growth and poor input substitution are not detrimental but, on the contrary, are even necessary to obtain a sustainable consumption level. I find a general rule to define the conditions for a constant innovation rate. The rule does not apply to capital but to labor growth, which is the crucial input in research. Furthermore, the rule relates to the sectoral structure of the economy, and to demographic transition. The results continue to hold with a backstop technology, and are extended for the case of minimum resource constraints.