All–Pay Auctions with Variable Rewards
研究了奖励不仅取决于竞拍者私人类型、还取决于其出价的全支付拍卖，发现降低奖励或增加成本可能反而提高总出价或最高出价的预期值。
We study all–pay auctions with variable rewards under incomplete information. In standard models, a reward depends on a bidder’s privately known type; however, in our model it is also a function of his bid. We show that in such models there is a potential for paradoxical behavior where a reduction in the rewards or an increase in costs may increase the expected sum of bids or alternatively the expected highest bid.