A Meta-Analysis of Government-Sponsored Training Programs
对1964至1998年间15个针对弱势群体的自愿性政府资助培训项目的31项评估进行元分析，发现培训对女性收入影响最大，对男性影响较小，对青年几乎无影响，且培训效果随时间未提升。
This study uses meta-analysis to synthesize findings from 31 evaluations of 15 voluntary government-funded training programs for the disadvantaged that operated between 1964 and 1998. On average, the earnings effects of the evaluated programs seem to have been largest for women, quite modest for men, and negligible for youths. For men and women, the earnings effects of training appear to have persisted for at least several years after the training was complete. Classroom skills training was apparently effective in increasing earnings, but basic education was not. There is no evidence that more expensive training programs performed better than less expensive ones. Although the United States has more than three decades of experience in running training programs, the programs do not appear to have become more effective over time.