The Economic Theory of Public Enforcement of Law
综述了法律公共执行的经济理论，涵盖制裁概率、大小与形式、责任规则，并探讨了意外伤害、罚款成本、错误、一般执法、边际威慑、委托代理关系、和解、自首、惯犯、信息不完美及失能等扩展问题。
This article surveys the theory of the public enforcement of law—the use of public agents (inspectors, tax auditors, police, prosecutors) to detect and to sanction violators of legal rules. We first present the basic elements of the theory, focusing on the probability of imposition of sanctions, the magnitude and form of sanctions, and the rule of liability. We then examine a variety of extensions of the central theory, concerning accidental harms, costs of imposing fines, errors, general enforcement, marginal deterrence, the principal-agent relationship, settlements, self-reporting, repeat offenders, imperfect knowledge about the probability and magnitude of fines, and incapacitation.