The Organizational Designs of R&D Activities and their Performance Implications: Empirical Evidence for Spain
利用西班牙制造业企业面板数据，研究内部研发与外部合作或外包的不同组合能否产生互补效应，发现只有研发合作能带来互补性，而外包则不能。
Through a rich panel of Spanish manufacturing companies, this study examines the hypothesis that the formation of inter-organizational complementarities in R&D depends on the type of alliance chosen by a firm to leverage its own R&D. To test this hypothesis, the study compares the capacity of different organizational designs of internal and external R&D activities to produce complementarities. The results indicate the existence of complementarities for cases where firms combine their own R&D with research collaboration. No complementarities are found for cases where firms adopt both intramural and R&D outsourcing jointly. Additionally, a comparison of the factors driving choices on R&D reveals that the use of “innovation management practices” and the presence of “technological opportunities” relate more to the adoption of research collaboration than to the adoption of R&D outsourcing. These findings are relevant as they may explain the reported differences in the production of complementarities.