Managing Crowds in Innovation Challenges
指出创新挑战常未能产生有竞争优势的解决方案，并提出三种管理方法：培养不同群体角色以促进贡献多样性、提供知识整合指导与双重激励、以及明确指导分享不同类型知识。
Crowdsourcing for innovation is typically conducted as an “innovation challenge.” Despite the popularity of innovation challenges, there appears to be a growing consensus that innovation challenges do not succeed at generating solutions with competitive advantage potential. This article presents three ways in which managers can assure that their innovation challenges are fruitful: foster different crowd roles to encourage contribution diversity; offer knowledge integration instructions and dual incentives; and offer explicit instructions for sharing different types of knowledge.