Foreign Direct Investment and the Nature of R&D
研究发现外国直接投资在国际技术转移中的作用取决于东道国是否存在模仿等替代渠道；若为唯一渠道则带来动态收益，若与模仿共存则主要带来静态收益。
The authors find that the role foreign direct investment (FDI) plays in international technology transfer (ITT) hinges on whether substitute channels of ITT--such as imitation--exist for the host country. If FDI is the sole channel of ITT, a faster flow of FDI to the South increases the rates of innovation, imitation, and ITT, so FDI generates dynamic benefits. If FDI and imitation coexist as channels of ITT, however, then FDI merely substitutes for imitation targeting Northern firms. A faster flow of FDI to the South then leaves the rates of innovation, imitation, and ITT essentially unaffected, so FDI generates mostly static benefits.