Time And Income Poverty: An Interdependent Multidimensional Poverty Approach With German Time Use Diary Data
将个人休闲时间作为与收入并列的贫困维度，利用德国时间使用日记数据，通过CES福祉函数和多项逻辑回归，发现时间与收入贫困显著相互依赖，且存在一部分时间贫困者即使收入高于贫困线也无法弥补时间不足，这类人群在以往文献中被忽视。
This study contributes to the multidimensional poverty discussion in two ways. First, we argue for and consider time—in particular genuine personal leisure time—as an important and prominent resource, additional to income, for everyday activities and individual well‐being. Second, we evaluate and quantify the interdependence among the multiple poverty dimensions (via a CES well‐being function and SOEP data) of the G erman population instead of arbitrarily choosing substitution parameters. We characterize the working poor and their multidimensional poverty regimes by descriptive results and by multinomial logit estimation based on German 2001/02 time use diary data. We find that the interdependence between time and income is significant. There is an important fraction of time poor individuals who are assigned not to compensate their time deficit even by above poverty threshold income. These poor people in particular have so far been ignored in the literature on poverty and well‐being as well as the time pressure/time crunch.