What Constitutes Evidence of Discrimination in Lending?
通过分析银行贷款的简单模型，探讨从相对拒绝率和违约率中能推断出哪些关于贷款歧视的信息，指出在少数族裔平均信用度较低时，统一的无歧视信贷政策无法同时产生更高的拒绝率和相等的违约率，且拒绝率或违约率的相等总是意味着歧视。
We analyze a simple model of bank lending in order to ascertain what can be inferred from relative denial and default rates about lending discrimination. We show that if minority applicants are of lower average creditworthiness than majority applicants, then, contrary to a popular argument, a uniform, nondiscriminatory credit policy cannot simultaneously produce (i) higher denial rates for minority applicants, and (ii) equal default rates for minority and majority applicants. Moreover, we show that equality of denial or default rates always implies discrimination. In particular, equal denial (default) rates imply discrimination against majority (minority) applicants.