Testing for convergence: evidence from non‐parametric multimodality tests
用非参数密度估计和自助法多峰检验，分析119个国家1970、1980、1989年GDP分布，发现双峰趋势增强，与收敛假说矛盾。
In this paper, the authors test the convergence hypothesis in a cross-section of 119 countries by means of bootstrap multimodality tests and non parametric density estimation techniques. By looking at the density distribution of GDP across countries in 1970, 1980 and 1989, we find low mobility patterns of intra-distribution dynamics and increasing evidence for bimodality. The findings stand in sharp contrast with the convergence prediction. (c) 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.-