Making a Market with Spreads and Depths
研究纳斯达克做市商如何调整价差和深度报价，发现深度调整比价差更频繁，且小公司、低价股、大交易量股票的流动性管理更积极，日内调整次数呈U型分布。
Abstract: In this paper we study the quote revision behavior of NASDAQ market makers by analyzing inter‐temporal changes in their spread and depth quotes. Using individual dealer quote and trade data for a sample of 2,319 stocks, we find that NASDAQ dealers make more frequent revisions in depths than in spreads and the extent of liquidity management is greater for stocks of smaller companies, lower‐priced stocks, and stocks with larger trade sizes and fewer number of transactions. We show that intraday variation in the number of quote revisions follows the U‐shaped pattern, indicating that the extent of liquidity management is greater during the early and late hours of trading than during midday.