LICENSING POLICY AND TECHNOLOGY ADOPTION IN STANDARD SETTING ORGANIZATIONS
分析了标准制定组织在许可政策和技术规范上的决策如何影响社会福利，发现事后许可可能排除高效独立许可方，并比较了事前与事后许可的效率条件。
The standard setting organizations' decisions on licensing policy and standard's technological specification, and the ensuing implications for social welfare are analyzed. The author finds the conditions under which a licensing rule that grants monopoly power to the licensors whose technology is adopted in the standard can be employed by the members of the consortium (ex‐post licensing). Moreover, it is shown that the adoption of ex‐post licensing might lead to the inefficient exclusion of an efficient stand‐alone licensor. Finally, the author discusses the conditions under which a policy of ex‐ante licensing can be less efficient than ex‐post licensing .