Why Do Part-Time Workers Earn Less? The Role of Worker and Job Skills
利用1995至2002年美国当前人口调查数据，研究发现工人和工作的可测量特征（包括职业技能要求）解释了大部分兼职工资惩罚，剩余差距主要源于工人异质性，且兼职与全职女性间工资差距不大。
Part-time workers receive considerably lower hourly earnings than do full-time workers. Using Current Population Survey earnings files for September 1995 through December 2002, the author finds that measurable worker and job characteristics, including occupational skill requirements, account for much of the part-time penalty. Longitudinal analysis of the data indicates that much of the remaining gap reflects worker heterogeneity, evidenced by small wage gains and losses among workers switching between part-time and full-time jobs. The lower skills of part-time than full-time workers result primarily from limited work experience and accumulation of human capital. Little evidence can be found of a large wage gap between part-time and full-time women. A part-time wage penalty is found for men, but men account for less than one-third of total part-time employment.