Life Expectancy, Schooling, and Lifetime Labor Supply: Theory and Evidence Revisited
通过理论模型和实证分析，发现预期寿命延长并不必然增加最优教育年限和终身劳动供给，关键在于工作年龄段的生存率提高（生存函数矩形化）。对1840-1930年美国男性的分析表明，教育相对收益随出生队列递增，生存函数变化可导致教育增加但终身劳动时间减少。
This paper presents a theoretical and empirical analysis of the role of life expectancy for optimal schooling and lifetime labor supply. The results of a simple prototype Ben-Porath model with age-specific survival rates show that an increase in lifetime labor supply is not a necessary, or a sufficient, condition for greater life expectancy to increase optimal schooling. The observed increase in survival rates during working ages that follows from the "rectangularization" of the survival function is crucial for schooling and labor supply. The empirical results suggest that the relative benefits of schooling have been increasing across cohorts of U.S. men born between 1840 and 1930. A simple quantitative analysis shows that a realistic shift in the survival function can lead to an increase in schooling and a reduction in lifetime labor hours.