Understanding Social Preferences with Simple Tests
设计了一系列简单实验游戏，直接检验社会偏好理论。实验发现，被试更关心提高社会福利（尤其是低收益者的收益），而非减少收益差距；同时互惠动机也会影响其牺牲意愿。
Abstract: Departures from self-interest in economic experiments have recently inspired models of “social preferences”. We design a range of simple experimental games that test these theories more directly than existing experiments. Our experiments show that subjects are more concerned with increasing social welfare—sacrificing to increase the payoffs for all recipients, especially low-payoff recipients—than with reducing differences in payoffs (as supposed in recent models). Subjects are also motivated by reciprocity: They withdraw willingness to sacrifice to achieve a fair outcome when others are