Regulating a Monopolist with Unknown Demand and Cost Functions
研究监管者对企业成本和需求函数都不完全知情时，如何设计最优监管政策。与仅一方不确定相比，双重不确定下价格可能低于边际成本。
We consider the design of regulatory policy when the regulator is imperfectly informed about both the firm's cost function and the demand function it faces. To some extent, the optimal policy is the natural combination of the policies when there is uncertainty about demand alone or cost alone. But important qualitative differences also exist. For example, prices may optimally be set below marginal cost when there is uncertainty about both cost and demand, although prices will never fall below marginal cost when there is only a single source of uncertainty , whether it pertains to cost or demand.