The Business of American Democracy: Citizens United, Independent Spending, and Elections
研究了美国最高法院公民联合案判决对州议会选举的影响，发现该判决使共和党胜选概率整体提高约4个百分点，部分州提高10个百分点以上，并探讨了企业独立支出对选举的机制。
In Citizens United v. FEC, the US Supreme Court ruled that restrictions on independent political expenditures by corporations and labor unions are unconstitutional. We analyze the effects of Citizens United on state election outcomes. We find that Citizens United is associated with an increase in Republicans’ election probabilities in state house races of approximately 4 percentage points overall and 10 or more percentage points in several states. We link these estimates to on-the-ground evidence of significant spending by corporations through channels enabled by Citizens United. We also explore the effects of Citizens United on reelection rates, candidates’ entry, and direct contributions and discuss implications for national elections and economic policy.