Penalties for Unexpected Behavior: Double Standards for Women in Finance
通过实验发现，在投资行业中，女性分析师不坚持被否决的股票推荐时，晋升机会比男性更少，这源于刻板印象导致的评价双重标准。
ABSTRACT We present 179 investment professionals with a scenario that manipulates whether a male or female analyst persists in pitching a stock pick after it has been voted down. Respondents evaluate analysts as less promotable when they do not persist, but only if the analyst is female. Results are consistent with categorization theory, which suggests that evaluators rely on stereotypes to interpret unexpected behaviors. In male-dominated settings, the same unexpected behavior may be perceived as evidence of a “lack of fit” in evaluations of women, but nondiagnostic in evaluations of men. Analysis of free-response questions confirm that the unexpected behavior was a predominant focus in performance evaluations of women, but not for men. Semi-structured interviews with 13 senior investment professionals provide additional support for the role of expectations and categorization heuristics on promotion decisions. Our findings shed light on factors that may contribute to the investment industry's “leaky pipeline” for women. JEL Classifications: M40; M41; M49; M51. Data Availability: Contact the authors.