Do Technological Improvements in the Manufacturing Sector Raise or Lower Employment?
研究发现，全要素生产率（TFP）对制造业就业的影响因行业而异，有些行业就业暂时减少，但更多行业就业增加，质疑了劳动生产率的负面效应。
We find that technology's effect on employment varies greatly across manufacturing industries. Some industries exhibit a temporary reduction in employment in response to a permanent increase in TFP, whereas many more industries exhibit an employment increase in response to a permanent TFP shock. This raises serious questions about existing work that finds a labor productivity shock has a strong negative effect on employment. There are tantalizing and interesting differences between TFP and labor productivity. We argue that TFP is a more natural measure of technology because labor productivity reflects shifts in the input mix as well as in technology.