Buffalo Hunt: International Trade and the Virtual Extinction of the North American Bison
利用理论、国际贸易数据和第一手资料，论证了外国创新和工业皮革需求是导致北美野牛在短短十余年内被大量屠杀的主要原因，欧洲需求与美国政策失败共同造成了这一灭绝事件。
In the sixteenth century, North America contained 25 to 30 million buffalo; by the late nineteenth century fewer than 100 remained. While removing the buffalo east of the Mississippi took over 100 years, the remaining 10 to 15 million buffalo on the Great Plains were killed in a punctuated slaughter lasting little more than ten years. I employ theory, international trade statistics, and first-person accounts to argue the slaughter was initiated by a foreign-made innovation and fueled by a foreign demand for industrial leather. European demand and American policy failure are jointly responsible for the “Slaughter on the Plains.”