The German Capital Markets Model Case Act (KapMuG): a European role model for increasing the efficiency of capital markets? Analysis and suggestions for reform
分析了德国为降低证券集体诉讼交易成本而制定的资本市场示范案例法，指出其因小股东需先单独起诉和因果关系证明困难而效果不足，并提出了简化加入机制和举证责任倒置的改革建议。
In this paper, we analyze the German Capital Markets Model Case Law (KapMuG) enacted to reduce transaction costs in securities mass litigation. The KapMuG is often seen as a European role model trying to enhance investor rights without running the risk of frivolous claims known from the US class actions. We show that the current legislation is insufficient due to two main obstacles: first, shareholders need to file individual lawsuits before being eligible for participation in the model case, which leads to a rational ignorance of small shareholders. Second, for wrong and omitted capital market information beyond prospectus liability, it is unclear if shareholders need to prove the causal link between the wrong information and the investment decision, which is hardly possible. We suggest two major changes for the reform due in November 2012: a simplified opt-in mechanism without the prerequisite of individual lawsuits and extension of the reversal of the burden of proof for causation from prospectus liability to wrong or omitted ad hoc information. Besides, we argue that gross negligence is the appropriate liability rule in the substantive law underlying the KapMuG.