Referendum Design and Contingent Valuation: The NOAA Panel's No-vote Recommendation
检验了在条件估值问题的公投格式中提供“不投票”选项的效果，发现将其视为反对票时，不影响投票分布、支付意愿估计及结果有效性。
This paper considers the effects for offering a "would-not-vote" option in contingent valuation (CV) questions framed using the referendum format. This approach arises from a suggestion made by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's (NOAA) panel on contingent valuation. The NOAA panel was asked to evaluate the use of this method for estimating the economic value of nonmarketed environmental resources in the context of natural resource damage assessments. This test used the CV questionnaire developed for the study of the Exxon Valdez oil spill conducted by the State of Alaska with in-person interviews. The findings suggest that when those selecting the "would-not-vote" response are treated as having voted "against" the program (a conservative coding), offering this option does not alter (1) the distribution of "for" and "against" responses (2) the estimates of willingness to pay derived from these choices, or (3) the construct validity of the results. © 1998 by the President and Fellows of Harvard College and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology