Human Capital Productivity, and Labor Allocation in Rural Pakistan
研究巴基斯坦四个地区农村家庭的人力资本如何影响生产率和劳动力配置，发现男性教育提升非农收入并促使劳动力从农业转向非农工作，但教育对农业生产率无显著影响。
This paper investigates whether human capital affects the productivity and labor allocation of rural households in four districts of Pakistan. The investigation shows that households with better-educated males earn higher off-farm income and divert labor resources away from farm activities toward nonfarm work. Education has no significant effect on productivity in crop and livestock production. The effect of human capital on household incomes is partly realized through the reallocation of labor from low-productivity activities to nonfarm work. Female education and nutrition do not affect productivity and labor allocation in any systematic fashion, a finding that is consistent with the marginal role women play in market-oriented activities in Pakistan. As a by-product, our estimation approach also tests the existence of perfect labor and factor markets; the hypothesis that such markets exist is strongly rejected.