The Carrot or the Stick: Rewards, Punishments, and Cooperation
通过实验比较奖励与惩罚对合作行为的影响,发现两者均能促进合作,但惩罚在维持合作上更有效。
The Carrot or the Stick: Rewards, Punishments, and Cooperation by James Andreoni, William Harbaugh and Lise Vesterlund. Published in volume 93, issue 3, pages 893-902 of American Economic Review, June 2003