The Impact of Jury Race in Criminal Trials
利用佛罗里达州2000-2010年重罪审判数据，发现全白人陪审团对黑人被告的定罪率比白人被告高16个百分点，而陪审团中至少有一名黑人成员时，这一差距完全消失。
This article examines the impact of jury racial composition on trial outcomes using a data set of felony trials in Florida between 2000 and 2010. We use a research design that exploits day-to-day variation in the composition of the jury pool to isolate quasi-random variation in the composition of the seated jury, finding evidence that (i) juries formed from all-white jury pools convict black defendants significantly (16 percentage points) more often than white defendants, and (ii) this gap in conviction rates is entirely eliminated when the jury pool includes at least one black member. The impact of jury race is much greater than what a simple correlation of the race of the seated jury and conviction rates would suggest. These findings imply that the application of justice is highly uneven and raise obvious concerns about the fairness of trials in jurisdictions with a small proportion of blacks in the jury pool. Copyright 2012, Oxford University Press.