Does Regulation Affect Economic Outcomes? the Case of Dentistry
研究了美国各州牙科职业许可严格程度的差异，发现更严格的许可并未改善服务质量，反而提高了消费者价格和从业者收入，质疑了加强监管的公共利益论点。
This study examines the role of variations in occupational licensing policies in improving the quality of services provided to consumers and the effect of restrictive regulations on the prices of certain services and on the earnings of practitioners. Theory suggests that more restrictive licensing may raise prices and at the same time raise demand by reducing uncertainty about the quality of the services. This article uses unique data on the dental health of incoming Air Force personnel to analyze empirically the effects of varying licensing stringency among the states. It finds that tougher licensing does not improve outcomes, but it does raise prices for consumers and the earnings of practitioners. These results cast doubt on the principal public interest argument in favor of more stringent state licensing practices.