Determinants of Underemployment of Young Adults: A Multi-Country Study
基于1988和1990年访谈数据，分析六个欧洲国家中两类职业群体的年轻人就业不足（兼职、临时工、失业）的决定因素，发现组织和社会因素比个人行为影响更大。
This longitudinal analysis of interview data for the years 1988 and 1990 explores the determinants of three forms of underemployment among young adults: part-time employment, temporary employment, and unemployment. The authors look at two occupational groups (office technology workers and machine operators) across six European countries (Belgium, England, Italy, Portugal, Spain, and the Netherlands). Factors that affected patterns of underemployment were education, occupational group, initial labor market experience, perceptions of the labor market (interviewees' view of labor market conditions), and organizational socialization practices (the strategies employers took to integrate the young workers into their first jobs). Organizational and societal factors appear to have had greater influence than behavioral variables such as job strategies and demographic variables such as gender and age. Unemployment and temporary work had many determinants in common; part-time work, in contrast, was affected only by initial labor market experience and organizational socialization practices.