Comparative localization of academic and industrial spillovers
利用美国研发实验室数据，发现学术知识溢出比产业知识溢出更集中在地理上，且邻近的研发存量增强这种集中性，而实验室和企业规模则削弱它。
This paper studies geographic localization of academic and industrial knowledge spillovers. Using data on US research and development laboratories that quantify spatial aspects of learning about universities and firms as well as the locations of closely affiliated universities and firms, I find that academic spillovers are more localized than industrial spillovers. I also find that localization is increased by nearby stocks of R&D, but reduced by laboratory and firm size. These results on localized academic spillovers reflect the dissemination of normal science and the industry–university cooperative movement, which encourage firms to work with nearby universities, so that geographic localization coincides with the public goods nature of academic research. This situation contrasts with relations to other firms, where contractual arrangements are often needed to access proprietary information, often at a considerable distance.