The Transition in East Germany: When Is a Ten‐Point Fall in the Gender Wage Gap Bad News?
东德转型期间性别工资差距缩小10个百分点，但女性就业困难加剧。研究发现近一半的工资差距缩小源于低技能女性退出就业，而女性就业下降主要源于对低技能工人的需求减少，并非自愿。
The gender wage gap in East Germany has narrowed by 10 percentage points in transition, but women have experienced much more severe employment difficulties than men. Using the German Socio-Economic Panel for 199094, I show that on balance women have lost relative to men. Almost half the relative wage gain is due to exits from employment of the low skilled, who are disproportionately women. The female employment decline is not primarily voluntary: more than half the gender gap in the hazard rate from employment reflects a general fall in demand for low-skilled workers. Reduced child care plays no role.