Does Competition Among Public Schools Benefit Students and Taxpayers?
利用大都市区的自然边界作为工具变量，估计Tiebout选择对公立学校效率和私立学校就读率的影响，发现更多Tiebout选择能提高公立学校生产力并减少私立教育，但效果并非通过家庭分类实现。
Tiebout choice among districts is the most powerful market force in American public education. Naive estimates of its effects are biased by endogenous district formation. I derive instruments from the natural boundaries in a metropolitan area. My results suggest that metropolitan areas with greater Tiebout choice have more productive public schools and less private schooling. Little of the effect of Tiebout choice works through its effect on household sorting. This finding may be explained by another finding: students are equally segregated by school in metropolitan areas with greater and lesser degrees of Tiebout choice among districts.