The Internal Economics of a University: Evidence from Personnel Data
利用一所欧洲大学的人事数据，发现存在内部劳动力市场：初级职位是主要入口，内部晋升路径长，工资不随外部市场变动，晋升速度由科研教学标准和行政刚性共同决定。
Using a rich personnel data set of a large European university we find strong evidence for the existence of an internal labor market. First, there is a strong port of entry at the lowest academic rank and in fact even prior to entering professorship, resulting in very long internal careers. Second, wages do not follow external wage developments.We subsequently consider various incentive theories regarding the dynamics of promotions, as organized through annual tournaments. As expected, a rigid set of research and teaching criteria determine the speed of promotions. At the same time, administrative rigidities play an important role. © 2012 by The University of Chicago. All rights reserved.