Racing ahead or lagging behind? Territorial cohesion in human development around the globe
研究了全球人类发展改善是否在地域上具有凝聚力，发现国内不平等减少不一定伴随欠发达地区的追赶，且存在跨越30多个国家的欠发达区域未能达到世界平均水平。
This paper investigates whether global improvements in human development involve subnational regions in a territorially cohesive way. We use a subnational human development index (SHDI) for 1778 regions within 163 countries over three decades, and propose measures for relative over- and under-performance. We find that frequently observed reductions of within-country inequality are not necessarily accompanied by reductions in under- and over-performance. Moreover, from a global perspective, we detect the presence of a non-negligible set of under-developing subnational regions spanning across 30 plus countries that fail to catch-up with the world average human development.