Up in Smoke: The Influence of Household Behavior on the Long-Run Impact of Improved Cooking Stoves
基于印度大规模随机试验的四年追踪数据，发现实验室验证有效的改良炉灶虽初期减少烟雾吸入，但效果在第二年消失，且未改善健康或减少温室气体排放，原因是家庭使用不当和维护不足。
Laboratory studies suggest that improved cooking stoves can reduce indoor air pollution, improve health, and decrease greenhouse gas emissions in developing countries. We provide evidence, from a large-scale randomized trial in India, on the benefits of a common, laboratory-validated stove with a four-year follow-up. While smoke inhalation initially falls, this effect disappears by year two. We find no changes across health outcomes or greenhouse gas emissions. Households used the stoves irregularly and inappropriately, failed to maintain them, and usage declined over time. This study underscores the need to test environmental technologies in real-world settings where behavior may undermine potential impacts.