Scanning dynamic competitive landscapes: a market‐based and resource‐based framework
提出一个基于市场和资源的框架，帮助企业扫描复杂竞争环境，识别功能相似的替代资源，并论证资源替代性影响竞争优势的可持续性与获取。
Abstract Heterogeneity among rivals implies that each firm faces a unique competitive set, despite overlapping market domains. This suggests the utility of a firm‐level approach to competitor identification and analysis, particularly under dynamic environmental conditions. We take such an approach in developing a market‐based and resource‐based framework for scanning complex competitive fields. By facilitating a search for functional similarities among products and resources, the framework reveals relevant commonalities in an otherwise heterogeneous competitive set. Beyond its practical contribution, the paper also advances resource‐based theory as a theory of competitive advantage. Most notably, we show that resource substitution conditions not only the sustainability of a competitive advantage, but the attainment of competitive advantage as well. With equifinality among resources of different types, the rareness condition for even temporary competitive advantage must include resource substitutes. It is not rareness in terms of resource type that matters, but rareness in terms of resource functionality. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.