Happy Together? How Using Nonstandard Workers Affects Exit, Voice, and Loyalty Among Standard Employees
研究了混合劳动力（标准员工与非标准员工同岗）对标准员工离职、建言和忠诚的影响，发现混合会恶化管理者与员工关系、降低忠诚并增加离职和工会化建言意愿，但效果取决于非标准员工的类型及标准员工的薪资与职责。
We examined how a blended workforce (one with “standard” and “nonstandard” workers in the same jobs) affected exit, “voice,” and loyalty among standard employees. We found that workforce blending worsened relations between managers and employees, decreased standard employees' loyalty, and increased their interest both in leaving their organizations and in exercising voice through unionization. However, these effects were contingent on whether the nonstandard workers were temporary or contract and on the salary and responsibilities of the standard employees.