Planned Obsolescence as an Engine of Technological Progress
论证计划性淘汰（产品寿命被人为缩短）可能是实现技术进步的必需条件，并比较了快速淘汰与慢速创新两种模式的优劣。
Critics of capitalism contend that many products are designed to have uneconomically short lives, with the intention of forcing consumers to repurchase too frequently.This phenomenon is commonly referred to as "planned obsolescence."In this paper, we show that planned obsolescence may be a necessary condition for the achievement of technological progress and that a pattern of rapidly deteriorating products and fast innovation may be preferred to long-lasting products and slow innovation.