Household Impacts of Tariffs: Data and Results from Agricultural Trade Protection
构建了一个包含54个中低收入国家家庭调查与关税数据的新数据库，量化了农业关税对家庭实际收入的影响，发现单边取消农业关税可使家庭收入平均提高2.50个百分点，且关税效应在国家和家庭间高度异质。
Abstract How do trade reforms impact households in different parts of the income distribution? This paper presents a new database, the Household Impacts of Tariffs data set, which contains harmonized household survey and tariff data for 54 low- and middle-income countries. The data cover highly disaggregated information on household budget and income shares for 53 agricultural products, wage labor income, non-farm enterprise sales and transfers, as well as spending on manufacturing and services. Using a stylized model of the first-order impacts of import tariffs on household real income, this paper quantifies the welfare implications of agricultural trade protection. On average, unilateral elimination of agricultural tariffs would increase household incomes by 2.50 percentage points. Import tariffs have highly heterogeneous effects across countries and within countries across households, consumers, and income earners; the average standard deviation of the gains from trade within a country is 1.01 percentage points.