18The Enactment-Externalization Dialectic: Rationalization and the Persistence of Counterproductive Technology Design Practices in Student Engineering
研究工程专业学生为何坚持反生产性实践，发现学生将符合大众对“好工程师”刻板印象的行为视为理性，并通过外化过程强化这些实践，形成难以改变的辩证循环。
This article explores why engineering students are committed to counterproductive practices. Student informants' work practices appeared to coincide with lay stereotypes about what “good engineers” do, and they sought to justify those practices as rational. This externalization encouraged them to perform these practices more frequently. We characterize the relationship between the enactment of norms and the externalization of work practices as a dialectical process that helps explain why the students could not conceive of changing their practices. We draw implications for theory on occupational socialization and for the management of engineering work from our findings.