Housework and Wages
利用美国家庭与住户调查数据，发现家务劳动时间对工资有负面影响，且日常家务（如做饭、清洁）影响最大；控制家务时间后，性别工资差距的可解释部分增加14个百分点。
Gender differences in labor market outcomes are often attributed to gender differences in household responsibilities, and substantial empirical evidence documents the direct negative impact of housework time on wages, particularly for married women. Using data from the National Survey of Families and Households, we find that housework has a negative effect on wages regardless of marital status. Furthermore, this relation is strongest for housework tasks such as cooking and cleaning that constitute a daily routine. Because women spend substantially more time on housework, controlling for housework time increases the explained component of the gender wage gap by 14 percentage points.