Returns to Scale, Productivity, Measurement, and Trends in U.S. Manufacturing Misallocation
构建了一个包含行业特定加成和规模报酬的模型，利用美国制造业普查微观数据测量资源错配程度，发现1982至2007年间错配下降了13%，与常用假设下29%的上升结论形成鲜明对比。
Abstract Aggregate productivity suffers when workers and machines are not matched with their most productive uses. This paper builds a model that features industry-specific markups, industry-specific returns to scale, and establishment-specific distortions and uses it to measure the extent of this misallocation in the economy. Applying the model to restricted U.S. Census microdata on the manufacturing sector suggests that misallocation declined by 13% between 1982 and 2007. The finding of declining misallocation starkly contrasts with the 29% increase implied by the widely used assumptions that all establishments charge the same markup and have constant returns to scale.