Multinational Enterprises, International Trade, and Productivity Growth: Firm-Level Evidence from the United States
利用1987-1996年美国制造业企业数据，发现外商直接投资（FDI）对国内企业有显著的生产率溢出效应，约占生产率增长的14%，且在高技术行业和小型低生产率企业中更明显，而进口溢出效应较弱。
We estimate international technology spillovers to U.S. manufacturing firms via imports and foreign direct investment (FDI) between 1987 and 1996. In contrast to earlier work, our results suggest that FDI leads to substantial productivity gains for domestic firms. The size of FDI spillovers is economically important, accounting for about 14% of productivity growth in U.S. firms between 1987 and 1996. FDI spillovers are particularly strong in high-tech sectors, whereas they are largely absent in low-tech sectors. Small firms with low productivity benefit more from FDI spillovers than larger productivity firms with more productivity do. The evidence for import spillovers is much weaker. Copyright by the President and Fellows of Harvard College and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.