Conspicuous by their Absence: French Canadians and the Settlement of the Canadian West
研究了1900年前法裔加拿大人为何很少移居加拿大西部，而大量前往新英格兰，发现经济因素而非文化因素是主因。
The failure of French Canadians to settle the Canadian west before 1900, when substantial numbers of anglophones and Europeans were migrating, is a long-standing puzzle. Historians have relied mainly on cultural explanations. Using new data, we demonstrate that anglophones and francophones had very different personal characteristics, so that movement to the west was rarely economically attractive for francophones. However, large-scale migration into New England fitted French Canadians' demographic and human capital profile. Even if the United States had imposed immigration restrictions by the 1880s, this would not likely have diverted many French Canadians westward.