Railroad Deregulation: Pricing Reforms, Shipper Responses, and the Effects on Labor
研究了1980年《斯塔格斯铁路法案》放松定价和废弃程序管制后，铁路行业就业急剧收缩、工资先升后降的现象，分析定价调整如何通过改变托运人行为导致劳动需求下降。
The Staggers Rail Act of 1980 relaxed restrictions on pricing and eased abandonment procedures in the railroad industry. Although the Act made virtually no reference to labor, its impact on labor has been dramatic. The long-term contraction of industry employment accelerated quite sharply after 1980. Wages increased until 1985, then declined substantially. The authors, whose empirical analysis uses data on aggregate rail employment for the years 1963-90, Current Population Survey data for 1973-88, and evidence from collective bargaining agreements for 1971-90, argue that pricing adjustments under the Staggers Act led to changes in shipper behavior, which in turn allowed for large declines in the derived demand for rail labor despite increasing output, and the observed pattern of wage change followed from the realization of the Act's eventual effects on employment.