NEW ESTIMATES OF BRITISH UNEMPLOYMENT, 1870–1913
利用人口普查劳动力权重等数据，重新估计了1870-1913年英国工业失业率，发现该指数高于但波动小于贸易委员会旧版，并构建了1870-1999年整体失业率时间序列。
We present new estimates of the British industrial unemployment rate for 1870–1913, which improve on the Board of Trade's prior estimates. We use similar sources, but our series includes additional industrial sectors, allows for short-time working, and aggregates the various sectors using appropriate labor-force weights from the census. The resulting index suggests a rate of industrial unemployment that was generally higher, but less volatile, than the board's index. We then adjust our series to an economywide basis, and construct a consistent time series of overall unemployment for 1870–1999.