Vog: Using Volcanic Eruptions to Estimate the Health Costs of Particulates
利用基拉韦厄火山排放的颗粒物与其他污染源不相关的特性，估算颗粒物对当地急诊就诊的影响及精确成本，发现颗粒物每增加一个标准差，肺部疾病急诊支出增加23-36%，主要影响幼儿。
The negative consequences of long-term exposure to particulate pollution are well established but a number of studies find no effect of short-term exposure on health outcomes. The high correlation of industrial pollutants complicates the estimation of the impact of individual pollutants on health. In this study, we use emissions from Kīlauea volcano, which are uncorrelated with other pollution sources, to estimate the impact of pollutants on local emergency room admissions and a precise measure of costs. A one standard deviation increase in particulates leads to a 23–36% increase in expenditures on ER visits for pulmonary outcomes, mostly among the very young.