Explaining the Racial Unemployment Gap: Race, Region, and the Employment Status of Men, 1940
利用1940年人口普查个体数据，分析美国非裔与白人男性失业差距的成因，发现人力资本差异可完全解释南方差距，但仅能解释北方差距的一半。
Although the substantial and persistent gap between the unemployment rates of African-Americans and whites in the United States first gained attention in the 1940s and 1950s, disaggregation reveals that the gap already existed in urban areas before 1940. Using individual-level data on male workers from the 1940 Census, the author analyzes the causes of the unemployment gap. He finds that racial differences in measured human capital and other characteristics can explain all of the racial gap in the South but less than half of the gap in the North.