The Price of Equality: Suboptimal Resource Allocations across Social Categories
通过四项实验发现，人们在跨社会类别互动时更倾向于选择平等但低效的资源配置，而非利润最大化方案，并讨论了这一决策偏差对组织的伦理启示。
Abstract This paper explores the influence of social categories on the perceived trade-off between a relatively bad but equal distribution of resources between two parties and a profit maximizing yet unequal one. Studies 1 and 2 showed that people prefer to maximize profits when interacting within their social category, but chose not to maximize individual and joint profits when interacting across social categories. Study 3 demonstrated that outside observers, who were not members of the focal social categories, also were less likely to maximize profits when resources were distributed across social category lines. Study 4 showed that the transaction utility of maximizing profits required greater compensation when resources were distributed across, in contrast to within social categories. We discuss the ethical implications of these decision making biases in the context of organizations.