Effects of Transport Regulation on the Oil Market: Does Market Power Matter?
研究了燃料税、生物燃料要求和燃油效率标准等运输监管工具对石油消费和价格的影响，发现市场垄断时燃油效率标准会提高油价，影响政策效果和碳泄漏。
Abstract Instruments used to regulate the consumption of oil in the transport sector include fuel taxes, biofuel requirements, and fuel‐efficiency standards. However, the effects that these have on oil consumption and price vary. If market power is present in the oil market, the directions of change in consumption and price might contrast with those in a competitive market. As a result, the market structure affects not only the effectiveness of the policy instruments used to reduce oil consumption, but also the terms of trade and carbon leakage. In particular, reduced oil consumption, as a result of increased fuel‐efficiency standards, will unambiguously increase the price of oil under a monopoly.