Forceful Phantom Firsts: Framing Experiences as Firsts Amplifies Their Influence on Judgment
研究发现，即使信息并非真正的首次经历，只要将其框定为“首次”（如假期第一天、新年第一条评论），就能显著增强其对后续判断的影响力，且这种效应主要源于信息被赋予更高权重而非更多关注。
First experiences are highly influential. Here, the authors show that nonfirst experiences can be made to seem like firsts and, consequently, to have a disproportionate influence on judgment. In six experiments, one piece of a series of information was framed to appear to have “first” status: For example, a weather report that appeared at the end of a sequence of weather reports happened to correspond to the first day of a vacation, and a customer review that appeared at the end of a sequence of hotel reviews happened to be the new year's first review. Such information had greater influence on subsequent judgments (e.g., of the next day's weather, of the hotel's quality) than identical information not framed as a first. This effect seems to arise largely because “phantom first” pieces of information receive greater weight, but not necessarily more attention, than other pieces of information.