Plants and Productivity in International Trade
扩展了李嘉图模型，纳入多国、地理壁垒和不完全竞争，以解释美国企业出口行为的关键事实，并量化全球化与美元升值对美国制造业生产率、企业进入退出和劳动力流动的影响。
We reconcile trade theory with plant-level export behavior, extending the Ricardian model to accommodate many countries, geographic barriers, and imperfect competition. Our model captures qualitatively basic facts about U.S. plants: (i) productivity dispersion, (ii) higher productivity among exporters, (iii) the small fraction who export, (iv) the small fraction earned from exports among exporting plants, and (v) the size advantage of exporters. Fitting the model to bilateral trade among the United States and 46 major trade partners, we examine the impact of globalization and dollar appreciation on productivity, plant entry and exit, and labor turnover in U.S. manufacturing.